Good writing uses metaphor. Metaphor "transfers" or "carries across" ideas. Metaphor is used when we notice how something resembles another thing. If we notice and make a comparison we are using metaphor. If we use metaphors well, our writing will carry more meaning and emotion.

Language that adheres to fact is called literal language. But when writers want to express their personal reactions, they often must go beyond literal meanings. They do so by using figurative language- language that uses imaginative comparisons called figures of speech.  The writer who wanted to express his or her reaction upon seeing the moon could say:

The moon was big and beautiful.

or

The moon rose quickly and hung in the sky like a papier mache ball.

Figurative language is not just for literary writing; it has its place in journalism, in academic writing, and even in scientific and technical writing. Although you should not overuse figurative language, do not be afraid to use it when you think it will help you to communicate to the reader.

Three Kinds of Metaphor

Metaphor: The moon in the sky is a big pizza pie. No, not actually, but the comparison is understandable as a pizza is round and so is the moon.

Simile: My love is like a red red rose. In simile, the comparison uses the words "like" or "as." Simile is a special kind of metaphor that more directly compares two things.

Personification: The clouds cry. The angry sun. In these examples, the "clouds" and "sun" have taken on human emotions. This is called personification.

Assignment:

Think about the past two years. Describe this period as being like travelling on a road. Where did the road take you? When did you start? Use three metaphors in a short paragraph about this period in your life. (try to use one metaphor, one simile, and one personification if you can)

Example:

The road I have taken since September 11 is full of hidden dangers.