4 Process,coordination and subordination,sentence errors

Process Paragraphs:

Are usually organized chronologically (by time order).

Follow a logical order (first things first!).

Give all the necessary steps.

Transitions for Process Writing:

To write a good process paragraph, good use of transitional expressions is necessary.

Some common transitions useful for process writing: first, next, then, firstly, secondly, finally, after that, . . . (Can you name some more? The teacher will make a list.)

Steps in making a process compositiion

1 introduction - facts, figures, statements about the topic

2 materials or ingredients needed

3 step by step presentation

4 conclusion, summary - emphasize the importance and summarize the steps.

Example

A Perfect Turkey Made Easy

To make a delicious turkey requires following some simple steps. The first step takes place two weeks before: order a fresh six kilogram turkey from a local butcher. The day before Thanksgiving pick it up. A turkey is filled with "stuffing," a savoury mix of bread, vegetables, and spices. To make it starts the day before: a large loaf of bread is torn up into pieces then left in a bowl overnight to become stale. About two hours before the turkey is to go in the oven, take out the neck, kidneys and heart and boil them in water. In a wok, in the meantime, fry celery and onions in oil, spiced with special poultry seasonings. To this, add fresh cut up apples, and whole hazelnuts, too. When the mixture is ready, add the stale bread and the water from the innards. While waiting for the mixture to cool, the oven is turned on to 350 degrees, then the turkey is washed in cold water, dried with paper towels, and placed in a large pan for roasting. Then, stuff the stuffing into the bird, lightly salt and pepper the skin, and cover it all with thick aluminum foil and place in the oven for about three hours. Every 20 minutes, baste it with the pan juices. For the final half-hour, take off the foil to ensure a lovely brown and crispy skin. Finally, remove the bird from the oven about 15 minutes before. All that is left now is to heartily eat the sumptuous repast.

Writing Assignment:

Most of us are expert on making or doing something. It could be making a chocolate cake, changing the oil on a car, or stopping a baby from crying.

Whatever it is you can make or do, explain the process so that anyone can follow your example.

Be clear, use appropriate transitions, and include lots of specific and relevant detail. Be sure to include a good quality topic and concluding sentence. Write about 150 words or so.

Assignments

1 How to be a successful mother

2 How to cook a special dish

3 Preparing for a trip

source : http://palc.sd40.bc.ca/palc/bcassign/advanced.htm

COORDINATION AND SUBORDINATION

Using coordination and subordination in the paragraphs create an indepth impression of the work.

Example: The dog barked all night. The neighbors didn't complain.

The dog barked all night, but the neighbors didn't complain.

It was late. I decided to take a bus home.

It was late, so i decided to take a bus home.

This course was excellent. Professor Green taught it.

This course was excellent because Professor Green taught it.

Exercise.

1 We could see very clearly last night. The moon was so bright.

2 Violet read Sports Illustrated. Daily walked in the woods.

3 It is cold outside. Our new wood burning Franklin stove keeps us warm.

4 The students buzzed with excitement. Professor Hargrave announced that classes would be held at the zoo.

5 His shoulder looses up a bit. Ron will stay on the bench.

6 The children practice thier violins. They are also learning discipline.

7 The program ignores pop musicans like Christina Aguilera. Abreu wants his students to master classical artists.

8 The results have been amazing. Communities proudly support their young musicians.

9 Thousands of low-income children in Venezuela have been given a new life. Jose Antonio Abreu taught them to play classical music.

10 Some peple only talked about the poverty and drugs destroying many young Venezuelans. Abreu took action.

11 Thiscactus has flourished. The sun went down.

12 Ralph takes the train to Philadephia. He likes to sit by the window.

13 I had known you were coming. I would have bvecuumed the guest room.

14 Smith was about to answer the final question. The buzzer sounded.

15 Few soap operas remain on the radio. Daytimie television is filled with them.

16. She connected the speakers. The room filled with glorious sound.

17 The chimney spewed black smoke and soot. Nobody complained to the local environmental agency.

18. Some men decided to wait. They watched the sports channel.

19 The students went to the classroom. There was a strong wind outside the school.

20. Pet owners spend so much for their animals. Veterenarians are in demand.

SENTENCE ERRORS - RUN-ONS, COMMA SPLICES AND FRAGMENTS

Run-on - My neighbor Mr. Hoffman is seventy-five years old he plays tennis every Saturday afternoon. (no period after old)

Comma splice: My neighbor Mr. Hoffman is seventy five years old, he plays tennis every Saturday afternoon. (wrong use of comma after old)

Fragment: When my neighbor Mr. Hoffman, a seventy
five year old man, plays tennis every Saturday afternoon. (non-sentence)

Correct: My neighbor Mr. Hoffman is seventy five years old. He plays tennis every Saturday afternoon.

Exercise: Tell whether it is a run-on, comma splice or fragment.

Correct the sentence.

1. It was an astonishing exhibit, the Guggenheim Museum's recent show was called "The Art of the Motorcycle."
2. Museumgoers sported leather vests and ponytails, their motorcycles jammed New York City streets.
3 Displayed were motorcycles thru the years including the earliest known cycle.
4 That was the 1868 motorcycle, it looked more like a bicycle with a steam engine under the seat than a motorcycle.
5 The Italian MV Agusta F4 was the latest model on display this one looked like a fantastic space machine.
6 A 1993 Harley Davidson stole the show it was a replica of Dennis Hopper's Easy Rider cycle.
7 The show attracted more visitors than any other Guggenheim exhibit museum attendance was 45% higher than usual.
8 Tickets and gift shop sales brought in more than $1 million the exhibit catalog alone sold for $85.
9 Although Ducati leather jumpsuits cost $1,595 museumgoers could buy their kids red plastic BMW motorcycles for $120 each.
10 Whether motorcylces are art or not, "The Art of the Motorcycle" certainly brought many new visitors to the Guggenheim, the show was considered a huge

success.

source: Fawcett, Susan. 2004. Evergreen, A guide to writing with readings. New York: Houghton Mufflin Company.

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